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| 930 |
| | | An althing of chieftains establishes the commonwealth of Iceland, which will survive for more than three centuries | |
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| c. 1000 |
| | | Iceland's parliament, the althing, passes a resolution that everyone on the island is to be baptized | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | | Many of the towns of northern Italy acquire virtual independence as self-governing communes | |
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| 1188 |
| | | Representatives of the towns in Léon are summoned to one of the earliest known parliaments | |
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| c. 1200 |
| | | Flemish towns begin to acquire municipal independence, as communes, following the earlier Italian trend | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | France becomes the first kingdom to establish a permanent parliament when Louis IX reserves a chamber in his palace for quarterly sessions | |
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| 1294 |
| | | The first open-air democratic assembly, later characteristic of the Swiss cantons, is held in Schwyz | |
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| 1295 |
| | | The parliament summoned by Edward I in Westminster Hall is later seen as a 'model' for the breadth of its representation | |
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| 1297 |
| | | The English government in Dublin calls a parliament on the lines of England's recent Model Parliament | |
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| 1302 |
| | | The estates-general of France gather for the first time, in Notre Dame, to consider the king's relationship with the pope | |
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